Neoantigens resulting from the presentation of mutated peptides on MHC molecules are attractive therapeutic targets. They are tumor-specific, elicit CD8 and CD4 T cell responses by being recognized as foreign by the immune system, and there is emerging evidence that neoantigens are drivers of protective immunity to cancer.

A challenge with harnessing neoantigens is that most neoantigens are patient tumor-specific and require the development of individualized immunotherapy.

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